Survey: PRN July 2017 Post-Meeting Evaluation
PRN Members: If you attended the July 2017 PRN meeting, please follow the link provided for the Post-Meeting Evaluation:
Survey: PRN July 2017 Post-Meeting Evaluation
This evaluation is part of a PRN research series concerning our educational initiatives and programs.
Your ongoing responses to our monthly evaluations are critical to the future of our programs, funding, and accreditation.
Thank you!
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Demetre C. Daskalakis, MD, MPH
In 2014, Governor Cuomo issued a three-point New York State plan to increase efforts to 1) diagnose people with HIV-infection and link them to ongoing care, 2) maximize viral suppression with antiretroviral therapy to keep HIV-positives healthy and reduce their risk of transmitting the virus to other people, and 3) facilitate access to antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for uninfected people at risk. Since then much has been done to achieve these goals, especially here in New York City. Don’t miss this exciting presentation by New York City’s dynamic queer health warrior, Demetre Daskalakis, who also happens to be our Acting Deputy Director of the Bureau of Disease Control at the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, as he inspires us to work together to end this frightful epidemic, once and for all.
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Susan J. Little, MD
The role of partner services and linkage to ongoing preventive and therapeutic medical services is critical in our efforts to slow and hopefully end the HIV epidemic. Providers cannot do this alone, but by partnering with local and regional departments of health and improving awareness of partner services within our practices and institutions, we can achieve broader and earlier diagnosis and assure access to care for partners needing treatment, if already HIV-infected, and pre-exposure prophylaxis, if not. This important presentation on the history and future of partner services underscores the responsibility we all have as health care providers to more effectively collaborate in larger public health efforts to end the epidemic in the sexual networks of the people we serve.
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Rajesh T. Gandhi, MD
The field of HIV management is dynamic and staying up-to-date can be challenging. There are new questions and new answers to old questions that we must consider. Should all HIV-infected patients be treated, including elite controllers? Should HIV-infected patients initiate ART on the day of diagnosis? Should all newly-diagnosed HIV-infected patients be started on an integrase inhibitor-based regimen? Should TAF replace TDF for all patients? How should an ART regimen be chosen in patients with specific comorbidities or conditions? What regimen should you choose for a patient who cannot take ABC, TDF and TAF? Don't miss this important and thorough presentation on the art of initiating ART.
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Sharon Stancliff, MD, FAAFP, FASAM
As clinicians traditionally involved in the treatment of HIV become increasingly involved in efforts to treat and cure hepatitis C, it is important that we all know about and are able to advocate for advances in harm reduction. Harm reduction, such as needle exchange, has already demonstrated the power of this approach in lowering the risk HIV transmission in people who inject drugs. Another successful harm reduction approach, taken in a number of other countries but yet to openly be practiced in the USA, is the establishment of medically supervised injection facilities in communities where public injection of illicit drugs, particularly opioids, is a problem. Supervised injection facilities have been shown to reduce overdose fatalities, improve linkage to care, and may also help reduce transmission of infectious diseases such as hepatitis C and HIV. Don’t miss this cutting-edge presentation from Dr. Sharon Stancliff, Director of the Harm Reduction Coalition.
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Brianna Norton, DO, MPH
Hepatitis C infection is on the rise among young persons in New York State and across the country, and, although HCV can be sexually transmitted in MSM, new HCV infections are predominantly in people who inject illicit drugs. But although 80% of people who inject drugs are willing to receive HCV treatment, only 1 to 2 percent are treated each year. Meanwhile, those who are untreated continue transmitting HCV to others, even though the HCV cure rates with the new DAAS are excellent-- even for active drug users. Yes, reinfection with HCV is possible, but the incidence is low, and as we have learned with HIV, treatment as prevention can also help slow the HCV epidemic. Don’t miss this important presentation by Brianna Norton on overcoming the barriers to treating HCV and HCV/HIV coinfection in people who inject drugs.
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Charles W. Flexner, MD
How safe and effective are the new hepatitis C drugs when they are taken along with drugs that treat HIV? And vice versa? And what about interactions with drugs our patients need for other health problems, or over-the-counter products our patients choose to take with or without our knowledge? As treatments for HCV and HIV continue to change, this presentation by Charles Flexner will help you stay up to date on drug-drug interactions, so that you can ask the right questions, make more informed treatment choices, warn your patients about potential dangers, and increase the odds that your patients will achieve their desired treatment outcomes.
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Martin Hoenigl, MD
While many patients and clinicians focus on viral load and CD4 count in the chronic management of HIV disease, another important marker that is often overlooked is the CD8 count, and the resulting CD4/CD8 ratio. But it is the CD4/CD8 ratio that may be our best marker of immune recovery after initiation of treatment, especially in those treated during acute and early HIV infection. And it may also be our best marker for immune dysfunction, increased risk for non-AIDS morbidity and mortality, increased viral reservoir, and increased inflammation in the chronic management of HIV. This important lecture by Martin Hoenigl highlights the importance early intervention and the life-long benefits that this may have for people lucky enough to initiate ART early, with restoration of a more normal CD4/CD ratio.
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Stephen E. Goldstone, MD, FACS
Patients in all primary care practices have anorectal complaints, but when they do, are we asking the right questions, and are we doing an adequate physical exam? Too often, both patients and providers may prefer to skip the exam, which slows or prevents the diagnosis and treatment of common problems, some of which may be sexually transmissible or lead to cancer. Don’t miss this important update by Steve Goldstone on anorectal problems in HIV medicine, and what you can do to help.
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Andrew G. Sikora, MD, PhD
The major cause of throat cancer used to be environmental carcinogens, such as smoking, but now it is human papillomavirus (HPV) that is transmitted through orogenital sex. In fact, HPV-related cancer is the fastest growing cause of head and neck cancer in the general population. This risk is even greater in HIV-coinfected people, and antiretroviral therapy does not reduce the risk. Unlike anogenital cancer, we do not have screening cytology tests for early detection of throat cancer. The good news is that, even when diagnosed late, HPV-related cancers of the head and neck have a much more favorable prognosis than tobacco-related cancers have had in the past. This program will help acquaint you with the various types of immunotherapy that are increasingly being used in combination with standard-of-care chemoradiotherapy for HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer in HIV–positives.
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Todd T. Brown, MD, PhD
Are you evaluating your patients for osteoporosis aggressively enough? Bone loss begins in early adulthood in both men and women, so it is important for clinicians to evaluate risk factors for bone loss in both genders. But HIV infection increases this risk, resulting in the significantly higher prevalence of fracture in HIV-positive men and women as they age. Fortunately, there are antiretroviral treatment strategies you can recoomend to reduce the impact on bone, and there are other treatments you can offer to improve bone health in your patients. Don’t miss this important update on evaluating bone health in your HIV-positive patients and steps you can take to help them avoid disabling fractures.
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Roy M. Gulick, MD, MPH
Fresh from the International AIDS Conference in Durban, Trip Gulick gives an engaging overview of new research in HIV treatment and prevention strategies, new formulations of existing antiretroviral drugs, new agents in the development pipeline, and better understanding of pharmacokinetics. Don’t miss this important review of new research that will contribute to the ever-changing, and improving field of HIV treatment and prevention.
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Carmen D. Zorrilla, MD
The recent Zika epidemic in Puerto Rico presented challenges to the care of pregnant women that in many ways benefitted from previous lessons learned with HIV. In this presentation, Carmen Zorrilla, who has played an important role in the care of pregnant women in both epidemics, shares her experiences and insights on meeting the new challenges of Zika, while drawing from the effective actions taken against HIV in the past.
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Elizabeth C. Verna, MD MS
You are probably aware that iiver disease is the leading cause of non-AIDS-related death in our HIV-infected patients, but did you know that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver abnormality in the absence of viral hepatitis? And that NAFLD is more common in HIV-positives than in HIV-negatives? This important program will help you recognize and stage NAFLD as part routine metabolic monitoring, and you will also learn about novel treatment strategies that in clinical trials, and treatments that may soon be available for your highest risk patients.
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Sara E. Dolan Looby, PhD, ANP-BC, FAAN
HIV is associated with persistent inflammation that can impact cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk directly or indirectly through multiple pathways, especially in our aging patients. And this risk may be further exacerbated in our postmenopausal patients. The SMART Study showed that viral suppression with uninterrupted antiretroviral therapy can reduce non-AIDS associated illness including CVD. But what else can be done? A lot; so don’t miss this important program on the multifaceted approach to reducing CVD risk, including information about the REPRIEVE Trial-- the first large-scale randomized clinical trial to test a strategy utilizing statin therapy for preventing heart disease in people living with HIV, and the Follow YOUR Heart Campaign that will assess the relationship between reproductive aging, immune activation, cardiovascular disease risk and risk reduction among HIV-infected women with reduced ovarian reserve.
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Christine M. Durand, MD
There is a growing need for liver and kidney transplants in our HIV-positive patients, and wait-lists can be frustrating. But after passage of the HIV Organ Policy Equity (HOPE) Act, it is now possible to use HIV-positive organ donors for HIV-positive candidates in need of solid organ transplant. Christine Durand, from the HOPE in Action study team, and principal investigator of the first pilot study of HIV-to-HIV kidney and liver transplant at Johns Hopkins, is also leading a national consortium of more than 30 transplant centers in organizing efforts to study HIV-to-HIV transplant at sites across the country. Learn more about the management challenges for both recipients and donors in this important program.
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Serena S. Spudich, MD, MA
How and when are HIV reservoirs established in the central nervous system? What is the impact of early antiretroviral therapy on CNS HIV infection? Does HIV persist in the CNS compartment? If one of your patients develops an HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder, can ART intensification help? And how does what we are learning about the CNS impact HIV cure strategies? For answers to these and other questions about the human brain in HIV pathogenesis, management, and potential cure, don’t miss this important presentation by Serena Spudich.
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Karen Palmore Beckerman, MD
Yes our HIV-positive patients and our HIV-negative patients in serodiscordant relationships can have healthy pregnancies and HIV-negative babies. And it is our responsibility as primary care providers to know how to assess, understand and counsel our patients about their reproductive aspirations with sensitivity and efficiency during a routine visit. In this program Karen Beckerman discusses the liberating advances in the safety and outcomes for HIV-positive and discordant couples wishing to have a child.
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N. Patrick Hennessey, MD
How often does a patient ask “Oh by the way can you take a look at something I noticed on my skin?” In primary care, skin complaints are common, and in HIV medicine, can be a sign of underlying coinfections and complications. With over 30 years of diagnosing and treating skin disorders in people living with HIV, Pat Hennessey has some important clinical tips for providers dealing with skin complaints in HIV medicine today.
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Christina M. Wyatt, MD
Kidneys. We all need them, but both acute and chronic kidney disease and their associated adverse outcomes are more common in HIV-positive patients. How can we help prevent or reduce kidney disease in our patients through diet and better management of antiretroviral therapy and other drugs? When should we be referring our patients for kidney biopsy? And how can we improve options and outcomes for our patients who may need dialysis or transplant? Don’t miss this important update on the prevention and management of kidney disease by Dr. Christina Wyatt.
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Asa Radix, MD, MPH, FACP
To end the HIV epidemic, all healthcare providers must be aware of and sensitive to the unique needs of each individual patient, based not simply on sexual orientation, but also on their gender identities and accompanying physical risk factors for sexually transmitted infections. How can we improve our communication skills in sexual history-taking in such situations? And what do we need to know about advances in gender-affirming surgery so that our trans-female, trans-male, and gender non-conforming patients feel that we are thorough, compassionate, and trustworthy? For some important updates on sexual health across the gender spectrum, don’t miss this important presentation by Dr. Asa Radix.
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Roy M. Gulick, MD, MPH
Don’t miss this engaging review of the recent Conference on Retroviral and Opportunistic Infections (CROI 2016) spotlighting the latest research in HIV treatment and prevention strategies. Topics include prophylaxis, initiation of antiretroviral therapy in newly-diagnosed patients, switch-therapy to decrease toxicities, and choosing new therapeutic combinations for treatment-experienced patients with suboptimal responses. Also, new drugs in the development pipeline that may soon expand therapeutic options for our patients suffering from treatment failure are discussed, as well as research in longer-acting drugs for PrEP and other prevention modalities.
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Richard A. Koup, MD
In the age of PrEP, do we really need an HIV vaccine anymore? Yes. In this presentation, Rick Koup, reminds us of the ongoing need for safe and effective HIV vaccines to stop this world-wide epidemic, the past failures in HIV vaccine trials that have been so disappointing, and the new era of more rational vaccine design that is presently emerging. If your patients ever ask about HIV vaccines, and we are sure they will, this program will help you respond positively.
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Oluwaseun O. Falade-Nwulia, MD, MPH
HIV and HBV testing, prevention, and treatment go hand-in-hand, because our patients at highest risk for one, are also at high risk for the other. And HIV exacerbates the dangers of HBV coinfection. Drugs used for HIV treatment and HIV PrEP will also treat chronic hepatitis B, but cannot guarantee against acute HBV infection. But we have long had a vaccine to protect against HBV infection that we can offer to all people at risk for, or infected with HIV. This important presentation reviews the epidemiology, laboratory testing, treatment and prevention of hepatitis B that may otherwise be overlooked or misunderstood.
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Joel Palefsky, MD, FRCP(C)
The risk for HPV-related anal cancer is much higher in our HIV-coinfected patients, despite the many advances in HIV antiretroviral therapy. If given, the HPV vaccines will help prevent anal cancer in our younger patients, but our older patients need help too. Anal cytology and treatment of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) may help, and the ANCHOR study, which is now enrolling, is designed to test this hypothesis. Don’t miss this important presentation by Joel Palefsky on ways that you can help your patients prevent this grave complication.
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Oni Blackstock, MD, MHS
The roll-out of pre-exposure prophylaxis to men who have sex with men is gaining momentum. But PrEP is for women at risk too, and barriers to care, including gender inequality, poverty, racism, gender-based violence, and transphobia must be overcome. Adherence and pharmacokinetics of the genital tract also play an important role in successful prophylaxis for women. This lecture targets the complexities and barriers to successful PrEP for women, as well as the exciting variety of research products in the PrEP pipeline that should provide women with more options for HIV prevention in the future.
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Dost Sarpel, MD
The advances in the successful treatment of chronic HCV just keep coming, and the annual meeting of the AASLD – “the liver meeting” – spotlights these scientific and clinical advances best. In this program, Dost Sarpel reviews the current HCV treatment state-of-the-art, with important notes from the recent liver meeting in San Francisco.
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Sara Gianella Weibel, MD
Remember cytomegalovirus? The AIDS-defining sight- and life-threatening complications of CMV coinfection from the pre-HAART era are rarely seen today. But CMV is still with us, sexually transmitted, chronic, incurable, and contributing to inflammation and non-AIDS morbidity in people aging with well-managed HIV.
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Christopher T. Coad, MD, and Donald P. Kotler, MD
Older clinicians in our audience remember the horror of diagnosing and managing AIDS-defining CMV colitis and retinitis in the pre-HAART era, which have now become rare, thanks to the prevention of severe immune deficiency through early initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy for HIV. But severe complications of cytomegalovirus coinfection still happen in people with undiagnosed and/or untreated HIV/AIDS and we must forever be prepared to suspect, swiftly diagnose, and treat both HIV and the many manifestations of CMV in the setting of immune deficiency.
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Preeti Pathela, DrPH, MPH
The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene has data clearly demonstrating increased risk for HIV seroconversion during the months following the diagnosis of a bacterial STI, especially among men who have sex with men (MSM). So if you diagnose an HIV-negative patient with gonorrhea, Chlamydia or syphilis, do not let them out of sight until you have discussed HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). This is especially important in MSM with or at risk for anorectal STIs, and, if we are to end the HIV epidemic, the lag-time to initiation of HIV PrEP may be critical.
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Rajesh T. Gandhi, MD
It is encouraging that both national and international HIV treatment guidelines support early initiation of antiretroviral drugs, regardless of CD4 count, for the best long-term outcomes, and to decrease transmission. And the guidelines continue to evolve to support efficacy, tolerability and simplicity, while acknowledging scenarios where alternative regimens may be needed. Of course there are comorbidities, drug resistance, and immune failure to consider when choosing or changing regimens. And newer, safer drugs are still coming! Don’t miss this important review on the state-of-the-art and future of antiretroviral therapy for HIV.
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Sharon Mannheimer, MD
Preventing HIV transmission to uninfected individuals through the use of pre-exposure prophylactic medication works well when at-risk individuals take it as prescribed, and we are all hoping that PrEP will help stop this epidemic. But PrEP only works as well as adherence allows, and daily dosing is problematic for some people. This presentation details the common barriers to PrEP adherence, limiting side effects of currently recommended PrEP, and important research toward easier or more forgiving regimens, including IPERGAY and ADAPT studies of intermittent PrEP.
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Missak Haigentz, Jr., MD
Since the beginning of the HAART era, and as our patients age with HIV disease, we are seeing more non-AIDS defining cancers (NDACs). In fact, HIV infection is associated with an increased risk for some NDACs. But there are some things we can do right now to prevent some of these cancers, including smoking cessation, hepatitis B vaccination, age-appropriate HPV vaccination, and treatment of hepatitis C. Join us for this important presentation on current challenges in the prevention, screening and treatment of NDACs in HIV-positives, with a special focus on lung cancer, prevention, and research.
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Ponni V. Perumalswami, MD
Chronic hepatitis C is curable and the treatment is simpler and more effective than ever. But it is estimated that only half of the people with chronic HCV infection have been diagnosed and the other la are unaware that they have it and can transmit it to other people, and that without treatment it can lead to liver failure, liver transplant, or liver cancer. To change this disastrous situation before people reach end-stage, we have a mandate in New York State to assure primary care providers are asking, testing, and referring candidates for HCV treatment. But shouldn’t we be doing this anyway, even without a mandate? Screening is easy, and referral to care is getting easier too. Don’t miss this important lecture on ways that you can help, and new approaches to assure patient access to ongoing care and treatment.
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Bernard M. Branson, MD
The laboratory testing for HIV and HCV have never been easier or faster. But do you really know what tests your lab is doing? And how to interpret the test results? And what to order next? The newer diagnostic algorithms are straightforward but in the real world, a deeper understanding of what commercially available tests really show is vital to identifying negatives, staging positives, and advising appropriate care and prevention. This presentation will help you understand the advances in routine laboratory testing for HIV and HCV and how to interpret them to improve of both patient and public health.
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Christopher D. Pilcher, MD
Isn’t it time to start treating HIV disease like the urgent medical and public health problem it is, rather than losing people step after step after step after step in a drawn-out cascade to treatment? In other words, why not start empiric treatment immediately on the same day as point-of-care diagnosis? In this presentation you will hear about the innovative work being done in San Francisco to hasten access to antiretroviral treatment in an effort to decrease loss-to-follow-up, speed treatment to undetectability and reduce transmission.
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Aracelis D. Fernandez, MD, FAAP
However bad the HIV epidemic may be in the US, it is worse in adolescents and young adults: 26% of new cases are among youth, ages 13-24. It is estimated that 14% of Americans don’t know they are infected, but among youth, it is estimated that 51% are unaware. And African-American youth are disproportionately affected. Don’t miss this important program on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases in young people who need our help to live longer, healthier and more productive lives.
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Peter W. Hunt, MD
From the horrors of AIDS we know so well from the not-so-distant past, aging while on treatment for HIV disease seems like a blessing. But are there surprises awaiting us in this journey? And are there ways that we can prevent complications and improve life expectancy in our patients as they continue to age? For a better understanding of the risks our patients face, and research that is underway to improve the aging process in HIV disease, don’t miss this important lecture by Peter Hunt.
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Anne K. Monroe, MD, MSPH
With an estimated prevalence of up to 14% in HIV-infected patients, diabetes is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease, blindness, end-stage renal disease, amputations, and hospitalizations for our patients. Regular screening for diabetes is important, and extra diagnostic caution must be taken in people living with HIV. When diagnosed, changes in lifestyle are critical, and medical management requires individualization. This clinically oriented lecture focuses on therapeutic options including recently approved drugs from new classes of drugs for glycemic control, as well as treatment strategies for optimal management of diabetes and prevention of diabetic morbidities in HIV medicine.
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Michael H. Augenbraun, MD, and Sujan Patel, MD
As PrEP against HIV gains momentum there is a possibility we will see other STDs consequent to an increase in condomless sex, including syphilis. But how can we best treat syphilis when there is a history of penicillin allergy? In this practical but important program two speakers will tackle the various aspects of syphilis diagnosis, staging, optimizing treatment in penicillin allergic patients, as well as the indications for skin testing for antibiotic hypersensitivity.
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Ian M. McGowan, MD, PhD, FRCP
Although oral PrEP can be highly successful in preventing HIV infection, more options for chemoprophylaxis are needed to meet the diverse needs of varying populations. The development of vaginal and rectal microbicides has been a bumpy road, and so far none have been licensed, but progress is being made. In this program, Ian McGowan, a leading researcher in the field, discusses the science and the studies that will hopefully lead to a variety of licensed microbicides for the prevention of vaginal and rectal transmission.
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Susan J. Little, MD
The early diagnosis and treatment of HIV during the acute or primary stage of infection has lasting benefits for each individual that starts and adheres to antiretroviral therapy, but there are also public health advantages for the community. Tracing the phylogenetics of HIV transmission networks provides insight to contagiousness, length of infection and severity, and transmission of drug resistant variants of HIV. In this exciting lecture, Susan Little, who runs the primary HIV infection program at UCSD demonstrates how early diagnosis and treatment of HIV interrupts network transmission, which may be the most powerful key to ending the HIV epidemic that we currently have.
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A. E. Radix, MD, MPH, FACP
Transgender women are at extraordinarily high risk for HIV infection for a number of reasons. We will never be able to end the HIV epidemic if we cannot better serve the needs of transgender individuals in ways that are both culturally sensitive and inclusive. In this thought-provoking lecture, Dr. Radix targets the many challenges our transgender patients face and how we can improve the management and prevention of HIV in this most vulnerable population.
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François Clavel, MD
Now that we are all routinely testing for HIV-2 as part of the new HIV testing algorithm, it will be helpful to know more about how HIV-2 differs from HIV-1 both in pathogenesis and treatment. And who could teach us better than the researcher who first discovered HIV-2, Fancois Clavel, in this fascinating and important lecture.
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Todd T. Brown, MD, PhD
Is testosterone replacement for hypogonadism overprescribed in the United States? Is it safe? The diagnosis of hypogonadism is not uncommon in aging HIV-infected men. So understanding the optimal screening recommendations as well as the potential risks and benefits of testosterone therapy, particularly in older men, is extremely important to their well-being. Join us for this important update by Todd Brown.
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Robert J. Kaner, MD
Pulmonary complications of HIV are not what they used to be, but they are no less important. The rapidly progressive opportunistic lung infections that were seen so often in the pre-HAART era, are rare now that earlier treatment of HIV is standard. But non-AIDS-defining bacterial pneumonias, malignancy and pulmonary hypertension continue to be serious problems, and accelerated emphysema is a growing concern due to the high prevalence of smoking in HIV-positives. In this program Rob Kaner discusses all of these issues and will help you improve early diagnosis of emphysema and COPD, critical to improved management and quality of life, and when possible, referral to appropriate research studies.
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Daniel Douek, MD, PhD
Inflammation plays an important role at every stage for HIV infection, from the acute stages of primary infection until death. But even though antiretroviral therapy has radically slowed progression of this disease to near-normal life expectancy, we see immune activation and inflammation in various manifestations, contributing to HIV disease progression, and increasing the risks of morbid non-AIDS events and mortality. Join us for this comprehensive and thought-provoking review of the many changing faces of inflammation in HIV disease.
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Thomas Cherneskie, MD, MPH
If you have a patient with a sore throat or rectal complaints are you requesting a thorough sexual history and appropriate STD testing? The threat of sexually transmitted bacterial diseases—not just the usual suspects, but also drug-resistant gonorrhea, lymphogranuloma venereum and mycoplasma genitalium -- is increasing even as HIV prevention shows promise of improvement. At this strategic point in time, it is prudent to review the most current recommendations for bacterial STI diagnosis and treatment in the era of oral sex, HIV-serosorting, HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and condomless sex.
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Rajesh T. Gandhi, MD
Over the years at PRN, we have revisited the pros and cons of early treatment of HIV, even during the acute stage of primary HIV infection. And now, with safer long-term treatment alternatives, the tide is turning toward early treatment as a potential means of preserving immune function, decreasing mutant strains in reservoirs, decreasing risk of further transmission, and improving the chance for a future cure. In this presentation, Raj Gandhi provides an overview of the signs and symptoms of acute HIV, how to diagnose it and initiate treatment, evidence-based research demonstrating the benefits of early treatment, and the potential for functional cure.
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